An motuka hikohe taputapu e huri ana i te pūngao hiko hei pūngao miihini, ā, mai i te hanganga a Faraday i te motuka hiko tuatahi, kua taea e tātou te noho ora me te kore tēnei taputapu i ngā wāhi katoa.
I ēnei rā, kei te tere te huri o ngā motuka mai i te whakamahi mīhini ki ngā taputapu hiko, ā, kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā motuka i roto i ngā motuka. He tokomaha te hunga kāore pea e taea te matapae e hia ngā motuka kei roto i ā rātou motuka, ā, mā te kupu whakataki e whai ake nei koe e āwhina ki te kimi i ngā motuka o roto i tō motuka.
Ngā tono a ngā motuka i roto i ngā motuka
Hei kimi i te wāhi e noho ana te mōtini i roto i tō waka, ko te nohoanga hiko te wāhi pai rawa atu hei kimi. I roto i ngā waka ōhanga, ka taea e ngā mōtini te whakarite i mua me muri me te whakatītaha i te tuara. I roto i ngā waka utu nui,ngā motuka hikoka taea te whakahaere i te whakatikatika teitei, hei tauira, te takotoranga o raro o te urunga nohoanga, te tautoko hope, te whakatikatika i te urunga o te pane me te mārō o te urunga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga ka taea te whakamahi me te kore he motuka hiko. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga nohoanga e whakamahi ana i ngā motuka hiko ko te whakapiko nohoanga hiko me te uta hiko o ngā nohoanga o muri.
Ko ngā horoi matapihi matapihi te tauira tino rongonui omotuka hikongā tono i roto i ngā motuka hou. I te nuinga o te wā, he neke atu i te kotahi te motuka horoi mō ngā horoi o mua o ia motuka. Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā horoi matapihi o muri i roto i ngā SUV me ngā motuka he tatau-whare tuara, ko te tikanga kei te nuinga o ngā motuka ngā horoi o muri me ngā motuka e rite ana. Ka pupuhihia e tētahi atu motuka te wai horoi ki te matapihi o mua, ā, i roto i ētahi motuka ki ngā rama o mua, tera pea he horoi iti tā rātou ake.
He pūwero kei roto i te nuinga o ngā motuka e rere ana te hau mā roto i te pūnaha whakamahana me te whakamatao; he maha ngā waka e rua, neke atu rānei ngā pā hau i roto i te kāpini. He pā hau anō hoki kei roto i ngā nohoanga mō ngā waka papai hei whakapūmau i te hau me te tohatoha wera.
I ngā wā o mua, he maha ngā wā ka whakatuwheratia, ka kati ā-ringa ngā matapihi, engari i ēnei rā he mea noa ngā matapihi hiko. Kei roto i ia matapihi ngā motuka huna, tae atu ki ngā tuanui rā me ngā matapihi o muri. Ko ngā actuators e whakamahia ana mō ēnei matapihi he māmā noa iho pērā i ngā relays, engari ko ngā whakaritenga haumaru (pēnei i te kimi i ngā arai, i te pupuri rānei i ngā mea) ka arahi ki te whakamahinga o ngā actuators atamai ake me te aroturuki nekehanga me te whakawhāiti i te kaha taraiwa.
I te hurihanga mai i te ā-ringa ki te hiko, kei te ngāwari haere ngā raka waka. Ko ngā painga o te mana whakahaere motuka ko ngā āhuatanga whai hua pēnei i te whakahaere mamao, me te haumaru me te mōhiotanga whakarei ake pēnei i te wetewete aunoa i muri i te tukinga. Kāore i rite ki ngā matapihi hiko, me mau tonu te kōwhiringa whakahaere ā-ringa mō ngā raka tatau hiko, nō reira ka pā tēnei ki te hoahoa o te motuka me te hanganga o te raka tatau hiko.
Tērā pea kua whanake ngā tohu i runga i ngā papaaho, i ngā taupū rānei, hei rama whakaputa mārama (LED) me ētahi atu momo whakaaturanga, engari i nāianei kei ia mata me ia ine he motuka hiko iti. Ko ētahi atu motuka kei roto i te kāwai whakarato-whakamarie ko ngā āhuatanga noa pēnei i te takai whakaata taha me te whakatikatika tūranga, me ētahi atu tono āhua-pōuri pēnei i ngā taupoki hurihuri, ngā pētera hoki whakamuri, me ngā wehewehe karāhe i waenga i te taraiwa me te pāhihi.
I raro i te taupoki o te motuka hiko, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā motuka hiko i ētahi atu wāhi. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, kei te whakakapi ngā motuka hiko i ngā wāhanga miihini e whakahaerehia ana e te whitiki. Hei tauira, ko ngā pā hau whakamahana, ngā papu wahie, ngā papu wai me ngā pūwero. He maha ngā painga o te huri i ēnei mahi mai i te taraiwa whitiki ki te taraiwa hiko. Ko tētahi ko te whakamahinga o ngā motuka taraiwa i roto i ngā taputapu hiko hou he pai ake te penapena pūngao i te whakamahi i ngā whitiki me ngā pūwero, ka hua ake he painga pēnei i te whakapai ake i te penapena wahie, te whakaiti i te taumaha me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Ko tētahi atu painga ko te whakamahinga o ngā motuka hiko kaua ko ngā whitiki ka nui ake te herekoretanga i roto i te hoahoa miihini, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia kia herea ngā wāhi whakairi o ngā papu me ngā pā hau e te whitiki serpentine me hono ki ia pūwero.
Ngā au o te hangarau motuka i roto i te waka
He mea nui ngā mōtini hiko ki ngā wāhi kua tohua i te hoahoa i runga ake nei, ā, i muri mai, i te mea ka nui haere te hiko o te motuka, ka ahu whakamua te taraiwa motuhake me te mohio, ka nui haere te whakamahinga o ngā mōtini hiko i roto i te motuka, ā, kei te huri haere hoki te momo mōtini mō te taraiwa.
I mua, ko te nuinga o ngā motuka i roto i ngā waka i whakamahi i ngā pūnaha motuka paerewa 12V, ko ngā pūnaha hiko takirua 12V me te 48V kei te rongonui haere inaianei, me te pūnaha hiko takirua e āhei ai te tango i ētahi o ngā kawenga iahiko teitei ake i te pākahiko 12V. Ko te painga o te whakamahi i te tuku 48V ko te whakaiti i te iahiko e whā ngā wā mō te mana kotahi, me te whakaiti i te taumaha o ngā taura me ngā takai motuka. Ko ngā tono me ngā kawenga iahiko teitei ka taea te whakahou ki te mana 48V ko ngā motuka tīmatanga, ngā turbocharger, ngā papu wahie, ngā papu wai me ngā pā whakamatao. Mā te whakatakoto i tētahi pūnaha hiko 48V mō ēnei wāhanga ka taea te penapena tata ki te 10 ōrau o te whakapaunga wahie.
Te Mārama ki ngā Momo Motuka
He rerekē ngā mōtini e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono rerekē, ā, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā mōtini i roto i ngā huarahi maha.
1. Te whakarōpūtanga i runga i te pūtake hiko whakahaere - I runga i te pūtake hiko whakahaere o te motuka, ka taea te whakarōpū ki ngā motuka DC me ngā motuka AC. I roto i ēnei, ka wehea hoki ngā motuka AC ki ngā motuka kotahi-wāhanga me ngā motuka toru-wāhanga.
2. E ai ki te mātāpono mahi - e ai ki te hanganga rerekē me te mātāpono mahi, ka taea te wehewehe i te motuka ki te motuka DC, te motuka kore-tukutahi me te motuka tukutahi. Ka taea hoki te wehewehe i ngā motuka tukutahi ki ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu, ngā motuka tukutahi ātete me ngā motuka hysteresis. Ka taea te wehewehe i te motuka kore-tukutahi ki te motuka whakaawe me te motuka whakawhiti AC.
3. Te whakarōpūtanga e ai ki te aratau tīmatanga me te aratau oma - ka taea te wehewehe i te motuka e ai ki te aratau tīmatanga me te aratau oma ki te motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga tīmata-pūnga, te motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga whakahaere-pūnga, te motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga whakahaere-pūnga me te motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga wehe-wāhanga.
4. Te whakarōpūtanga e ai ki te whakamahinga - ka taea te wehewehe i ngā motuka hiko ki ngā motuka taraiwa me ngā motuka whakahaere e ai ki te whakamahinga. Ka wehea te motuka taraiwa ki ngā taputapu hiko (tae atu ki te keri, te whakakanapa, te huri, te mokowā, te tapahi, te whakakī me ētahi atu taputapu) me ngā motuka hiko, ngā taputapu kāinga (tae atu ki ngā mīhini horoi, ngā pā hiko, ngā pouaka whakamātao, ngā hauhautanga, ngā rekoata rīpene, ngā VCR, ngā rekoata ataata, ngā kaitākaro DVD, ngā mīhini horoi, ngā kāmera, ngā whakamaroke makawe, ngā heu hiko, me ētahi atu) me ngā motuka hiko me ētahi atu mīhini me ngā taputapu iti whānui (tae atu ki ngā momo taputapu mīhini iti, ngā mīhini iti, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā taputapu hiko, me ētahi atu). Ka wehea ngā motuka whakahaere ki ngā motuka stepper me ngā motuka servo.
5. Te whakarōpūtanga i runga i te hanganga o te rotor - ka taea te wehewehe i te motuka i runga i te hanganga o te rotor ki te motuka whakapūmau whare herehere (ko te paerewa tawhito e kiia ana ko te motuka kore tukutahi whare herehere) me te motuka whakapūmau whare herehere waea (ko te paerewa tawhito e kiia ana ko te motuka kore tukutahi waea).
6. Whakarōpūtanga e ai ki te tere whakahaere - ka taea te wehewehe i te motuka e ai ki te tere whakahaere ki ngā motuka tere-tiketike, ngā motuka tere-iti, ngā motuka tere-pūmau, me ngā motuka tere.
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā motuka i roto i ngā tono tinana motuka e whakamahi ana i ngā motuka DC paraihe, he otinga tuku iho tēnei. He māmā te taraiwa i ēnei motuka, ā, he iti te utu nā te mahi whakawhiti e whakaratohia ana e ngā paraihe. I ētahi tono, he nui ngā painga o ngā motuka DC paraihe kore (BLDC) e pā ana ki te mātotoru o te mana, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha me te whakarato i te penapena wahie pai ake me te iti ake o ngā tukunga, ā, kei te whiriwhiri ngā kaihanga ki te whakamahi i ngā motuka BLDC i roto i ngā horoi matapihi, te whakamahana kāpata, te pupuhi hauhautanga me te hauhautanga (HVAC) me ngā papu. I roto i ēnei tono, he roa te wā e oma ai ngā motuka, kaua ki te mahi poto pēnei i ngā matapihi hiko, i ngā nohoanga hiko rānei, kei reira tonu te ngāwari me te whai hua o ngā motuka paraihe e whai hua ana.
Ngā motuka hiko e tika ana mō ngā waka hiko
Ko te nekehanga mai i ngā waka e penapena ana i te wahie ki ngā waka hiko anake ka kite i te nekehanga ki ngā miihini e whakahaerehia ana e te mōtini hei pokapū o te motuka.
Ko te pūnaha taraiwa mōtini te ngākau o tētahi waka hiko, kei roto ko tētahi mōtini, he kaitahuri hiko, he pūoko kite me tētahi pūtake hiko. Ko ngā mōtini e tika ana mō ngā waka hiko ko: ngā mōtini DC, ngā mōtini DC kore paraihe, ngā mōtini kore tukutahi, ngā mōtini tukutahi aukume tuturu, me ngā mōtini whakakāhore.
Ko te motuka hiko DC he motuka e huri ana i te kaha hiko DC ki te kaha miihini, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tōia hiko nā te mea he pai tana mahi whakahaere tere. He āhuatanga anō hoki ōna o te taipana tīmatanga nui me te whakahaere ngāwari, nō reira, ko ngā mīhini katoa e tīmata ana i raro i te kawenga taumaha, e hiahia ana rānei ki te whakahaere tere ōrite, pērā i ngā mira hurihuri nui, ngā wini, ngā waka tereina hiko, ngā tereina me ētahi atu, he pai mō te whakamahi i ngā motuka hiko DC.
He tino rite te motuka DC kore-paraihe ki ngā āhuatanga kawenga o ngā waka hiko, he nui ngā āhuatanga taipana tere-iti, ka taea te whakarato i te taipana tīmatanga nui hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaterenga o ngā waka hiko, i te wa ano, ka taea te rere i te whānuitanga tere iti, waenga me te teitei. He pai hoki ngā āhuatanga whai hua, he pai hoki i roto i ngā āhuatanga kawenga-māmā. Ko te ngoikoretanga he uaua ake te motuka i te motuka AC, ā, he uaua ake te kaiwhakahaere i te motuka DC paraihe.
Ko te mōta kore-tukutahi, arā, te mōta whakapūmau, he taputapu e whakanohoia ai te rotor ki roto i tētahi papa aukume hurihuri, ā, i raro i te mahi a te papa aukume hurihuri, ka puta he taipana hurihuri, ā, ka huri te rotor. He māmā te hanganga mōta kore-tukutahi, he ngāwari ki te hanga me te tiaki, he tata ki ngā āhuatanga kawenga tere pumau, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te nuinga o ngā mīhini whakaputa ahumahi me te ahuwhenua. Heoi, he tere hurihuri pumau te tere o te mōta kore-tukutahi me tōna tere hurihuri tukutahi o te papa aukume hurihuri, nō reira he ngoikore te whakahaere tere, kāore i te rite te ōhanga ki te mōta DC, he ngāwari. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā tono mana-teitei, tere-iti, kāore ngā mōta kore-tukutahi i te rite te whaitake ki ngā mōta tukutahi.
Ko te mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu he mōta tukutahi e whakaputa ana i tētahi papa aukume hurihuri tukutahi mā te whakaoho o ngā aukume tuturu, e mahi ana hei rotor hei whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume hurihuri, ā, ka tauhohe ngā takai stator toru-wāhanga mā roto i te anga i raro i te mahi a te papa aukume hurihuri, ka puta ai ngā iahiko ōrite toru-wāhanga. He iti te rahi o te mōta aukume tuturu, he māmā te taumaha, he iti te inertia hurihuri me te kaha teitei, he pai mō ngā waka hiko he iti te wāhi. Hei tāpiri, he nui te ōwehenga taipana-ki-inertia, he kaha te kaha uta, me te taipana putanga nui, inā koa i ngā tere hurihuri iti, he pai mō te whakaterenga tīmatanga o te waka rorohiko. Nō reira, kua mōhiotia whānuitia ngā mōta aukume tuturu e ngā wā waka hiko o roto me tāwāhi, ā, kua whakamahia i roto i te maha o ngā waka hiko. Hei tauira, ko te nuinga o ngā waka hiko i Hapani e peia ana e ngā mōta aukume tuturu, e whakamahia ana i roto i te Toyota Prius ranu.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-31-2024