"Rīwai wera!" - Koinei pea te pā tuatahi a te tini o ngā miihini, ngā kaihanga, me ngā ākonga ki ngā motuka stepper moroiti i te wā e rapu ana i ngā mahi whakatikatika kaupapa. He mea tino noa te whakaputa wera o ngā motuka stepper moroiti i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Engari ko te mea nui, he aha te wera o te tikanga? Ā, he aha te wera e tohu ana i te raruraru?

Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa te wera nui i te pai o te mahi, te taipana, me te tika o te motuka, engari ka tere ake te koroheketanga o te whakamarumaru o roto i te wā roa, ā, ka mutu ka pakaru tonu te motuka. Mena kei te raru koe i te wera o ngā motuka stepper moroiti i runga i tō pūreretā 3D, mīhini CNC, karetao rānei, ko tēnei tuhinga māu. Ka rukuhia e mātou ngā pūtake o te kirika, ā, ka hoatu ki a koe ētahi otinga whakamatao tere e rima.

Wāhanga 1: Te tūhuratanga i te pūtake – he aha i puta ai te wera i te motuka stepper moroiti?

Tuatahi, me whakamārama he ariā matua: he mea kore e taea te karo i te whakamahana o ngā motuka stepper moroiti, ā, kāore e taea te karo katoa. Ko tōna wera e ahu mai ana i ngā āhuatanga e rua:

1. Te ngaronga o te rino (te ngaronga o te uho): He mea hanga te stator o te motuka ki ngā rau maitai silicon kua whakarārangihia, ā, ka puta he au hurihuri me te hysteresis i roto i te papa aukume tauutuutu, ka puta ai te wera. E pā ana tēnei wāhanga o te ngaronga ki te tere o te motuka (auau), ā, ki te teitei ake te tere, ka nui ake te ngaronga rino i te nuinga o te wā.

2. Te ngaronga o te parahi (te ngaronga o te ātete o te takai): Koinei te pūtake matua o te wera, ā, he wāhanga anō hoki e taea ai e tātou te arotau. E whai ana i te ture a Joule: P=I ² × R.

P (ngaronga mana): Ko te mana i tahuri tika ki te wera.

Ahau (o nāianei):Te ia e rere ana i roto i te takai o te motuka.

R (Ātete):Te ātete ā-roto o te takai motuka.

He ngāwari noa iho, he rite te nui o te wera e puta ana ki te tapawhā o te iahiko. Ko te tikanga, ahakoa he iti noa te pikinga o te iahiko, ka taea e ia te arahi ki te pikinga tapawhā o te wera. Ko te nuinga o ā mātou otinga e aro ana ki te whakahaere pūtaiao i tēnei iahiko (I).

Wāhanga 2: E rima ngā take matua – Te tātari i ngā tino take e hua ake ai te kirika nui

Ina tino teitei rawa te pāmahana o te motuka (pērā i te wera rawa ki te pā atu, neke atu i te 70-80 °C), ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i tētahi, i ētahi rānei o ēnei take:

Ko te take tuatahi ko te nui rawa o te ia o te taraiwa kua whakatakotoria

Koinei te pūwāhi tirotiro tino noa, ā, ko te mea matua hoki. Hei whakatutuki i te taipana putanga nui ake, he maha ngā wā ka tahuri rawa ngā kaiwhakamahi i te potentiometer whakahaere iahiko ki ngā taraiwa (pēnei i te A4988, TMC2208, TB6600). Nā tēnei i hua ake ai te ia hurihuri (I) i te uara kua whakatauria o te motuka, ā, e ai ki te P=I ² × R, ka piki tere te wera. Kia mahara: ko te pikinga o te taipana ka puta mai i te utu o te wera.

Te tuarua o ngā take: Te ngaohiko me te aratau taraiwa hē

He tino tiketike rawa te ngaohiko tuku: Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha mōtini takahuri he "puku iahiko pumau", engari mā te ngaohiko tuku teitei ake ka taea e te taraiwa te "pana" i te iahiko ki roto i te takai mōtini i te tere tere ake, he mea pai tēnei mō te whakapai ake i te mahi tere-tiketike. Heoi, i ngā tere iti, i te wā okioki rānei, ka taea e te ngaohiko nui te tapahi pinepine i te iahiko, ka nui ake te ngaronga o te pana, ā, ka wera ake te taraiwa me te mōtini.

Kāore e whakamahi ana i te takahanga moroiti, kāore rānei i te rawaka te wehewehenga:I te aratau taahiraa katoa, he ngaru tapawhā te āhua o te ngaru o te iahiko, ā, ka tino rerekē te iahiko. Ka huri ohorere te uara o te iahiko i roto i te koiri i waenga i te 0 me te uara mōrahi, ka hua ake he nui te ngaru taipana me te haruru, ā, he iti te whai huatanga. Ā, mā te taahiraa moroiti ka whakangawari i te pihi huringa iahiko (tata ki te ngaru sine), ka whakaiti i ngā ngaronga harmonic me te ngaru taipana, ka oma pai ake, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakaitihia te whakaputanga wera toharite ki tētahi taumata.

Te tuatoru o ngā take: Te taumaha rawa, ngā raruraru miihini rānei

Te nui rawa atu o te kawenga kua whakatauria: Mena ka whakahaerehia te motuka i raro i tētahi kawenga e tata ana, e nui atu ana rānei i tōna taipana pupuri mō te wā roa, hei wikitoria i te ātete, ka haere tonu te taraiwa ki te whakarato i te iahiko teitei, ka hua ake he pāmahana teitei tonu.

Te waku ā-mīhini, te hē o te tūnga, me te aukati: Mā te tāutanga hē o ngā hononga, ngā ara ārahi ngoikore, me ngā mea tauhou ki roto i te tīwiri mata ka nui ake ngā kawenga kāore e tika ana ki runga i te motuka, ka kaha ake te mahi me te whakaputa wera ake.

Tuawhā o ngā hara: Te kōwhiringa hē o te motuka

He hōiho iti e tō ana i tētahi kāreti nui. Mena he nui te taipana e hiahiatia ana mō te kaupapa tonu, ā, ka whiriwhiria e koe tētahi mōtini he iti rawa te rahi (pērā i te whakamahi i te NEMA 17 hei mahi i te NEMA 23), ka taea anake te mahi i raro i te taumaha rawa mō te wā roa, ā, ko te hua o te wera nui he hua e kore e taea te karo.

Tuarima o ngā hara: Te taiao mahi kino me ngā āhuatanga tohatoha wera kino

Te pāmahana taiao teitei: Ka whakahaerehia te mōtini i roto i te wāhi kati, i roto rānei i te taiao kei reira ētahi atu pūtake wera e tata ana (pēnei i ngā moenga pūreretā 3D, i ngā pane taiaho rānei), ka tino whakaiti i te pai o tōna marara wera.

Kāore i te rawaka te kawe hiko taiao: He pūtake wera te mōta tonu. Ki te kore te hau e huri haere ana, e kore e taea te kawe atu i te wera i te wā tika, ā, ka hua ake te kohikohinga wera me te pikinga tonu o te pāmahana.

Wāhanga 3: Ngā Otinga Whai Hua -5 Ngā Tikanga Whakamatao Whai Hua mō tō Mōta Hiko Iti

Kia kitea te pūtake, ka taea e mātou te tohu i te rongoā tika. Tēnā rapua te raruraru me te arotau i te raupapa e whai ake nei:

Otinga 1: Whakatakotoria tika te iahiko taraiwa (te taahiraa tuatahi tino whai hua)

Tikanga whakahaere:Whakamahia he mita maha hei ine i te ngaohiko tohutoro au (Vref) i runga i te taraiwa, ka tatau i te uara au e rite ana i runga i te tātai (ngā tātai rerekē mō ngā taraiwa rerekē). Whakatakotoria ki te 70% -90% o te au ā-wāhanga kua whakatauria o te motuka. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakatakoto i tētahi motuka me te au kua whakatauria o te 1.5A i waenga i te 1.0A me te 1.3A.

He aha i whai hua ai: Ka whakaiti tika i te I i roto i te tauira whakaputa wera, ā, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga wera mā te whakarea pūrua. Mēnā he rawaka te taipana, koinei te tikanga whakamatao tino whai hua.

Otinga 2: Arotauhia te ngaohiko taraiwa me te whakahohe i te takahanga moroiti

Ngaohiko taraiwa: Kōwhiria he ngaohiko e rite ana ki ō hiahia tere. Mō te nuinga o ngā tono papamahi, ko te 24V-36V he awhe e tutuki ana i te taurite pai i waenga i te mahi me te whakaputa wera. Kaua e whakamahi i te ngaohiko tino tiketike. 

Whakahohehia te takahi iti o te wehewehenga teitei: Whakatakotoria te taraiwa ki te aratau takahanga moroiti teitei ake (pēnei i te wehewehenga 16, 32 rānei). Ehara i te mea ka maeneene ake, ka mārie ake hoki te nekehanga, engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā ngaronga harmonic nā te āhua ngaru o te iahiko maeneene, e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i te whakaputanga wera i te wā e mahi ana i te tere waenga me te tere iti.

Otinga 3: Te tāuta i ngā totohu wera me te whakamatao hau kaha (te whakamararatanga wera ā-tinana)

Ngā tara whakamarara wera: Mō te nuinga o ngā motuka stepper iti (ina koa ko te NEMA 17), ko te whakapiri, te whakawhāiti rānei i ngā tara whakamarara wera konumohe ki runga i te whare motuka te tikanga tino tika me te tino ohanga. Ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata whakamarara wera o te motuka mā te totohu wera, mā te whakamahi i te kawe hau taiao hei tango i te wera.

Whakamatao hau ā-kaha: Mena kāore anō kia tino pai te pānga o te totohu wera, inā koa i roto i ngā wāhi kua kati, ko te otinga tino pai ko te tāpiri i tētahi pā iti (pēnei i te pā 4010, 5015 rānei) hei whakamatao i te hau. Ka tere te kawe a te hau i te wera, ā, he tino nui te pānga whakamatao. Koinei te mahi paerewa i runga i ngā pūreretā 3D me ngā mīhini CNC.

Otinga 4: Arotau i ngā Tautuhinga Puku (Ngā Tikanga Matatau)

He maha ngā puku atamai hou e tuku ana i ngā mahi whakahaere au matatau:

Toa Hiko II me te Huringa Whakawhānui: Mā te whakahohe i tēnei āhuatanga, ina tū te motuka mō tētahi wā, ka heke aunoa te iahiko taraiwa ki te 50%, ki raro iho rānei i te iahiko whakahaere. Nā te mea kei roto te motuka i te āhua pupuri mō te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e tēnei mahi te whakaiti i te wera pateko.

He aha i mahi ai: Te whakahaere atamai i te iahiko, te whakarato i te hiko e tika ana ina hiahiatia, te whakaiti i te para ina kore e hiahiatia, me te penapena tika i te pūngao me te whakamatao mai i te pūtake.

Otinga 5: Tirohia te hanganga ā-pūkaha, kātahi ka tīpako anō (otinga matua)

Arotakenga ā-mīhini: Hurihia ā-ringa te rakau o te motuka (i roto i te āhua whakaweto) ka pākia mēnā he maeneene. Tirohia te pūnaha tuku katoa kia kore ai he wāhi piri, he waku, he ārai rānei. Ka taea e te pūnaha miihini maeneene te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ki runga i te motuka.

Kōwhiringa anō: Mena i muri i te whakamātau i ngā tikanga katoa o runga ake nei, kei te wera tonu te motuka, ā, kāore i te rawaka te taipana, tera pea he iti rawa te kōwhiringa o te motuka. Mā te whakakapi i te motuka ki tētahi whakatakotoranga nui ake (pēnei i te whakapai ake i te NEMA 17 ki te NEMA 23) ki tētahi iahiko teitei ake rānei, me te tuku kia mahi i roto i tōna rohe whakamarie, ka tino whakatau i te raruraru whakamahana.

Whāia te tukanga hei tirotiro:

I te aroaro o te motuka stepper moroiti me te wera nui, ka taea e koe te whakaoti rapanga mā te whai i te tukanga e whai ake nei:

Kei te wera rawa te motuka

Hipanga 1: Tirohia mēnā he tiketike rawa te iahiko o te puku?

Hipanga 2: Tirohia mēnā he taimaha rawa te kawenga ā-ringa, he nui rānei te waku?

Hipanga 3: Tāutahia ngā taputapu whakamatao ā-tinana

Tāpirihia he totohu wera

Tāpirihia he hau whakamatao ā-pūmau (he pā iti)

Kua pai ake te pāmahana?

Hipanga 4: Whakaarohia te whiriwhiri anō me te whakakapi ki tētahi tauira mōtini nui ake